Ultra‐processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy driversTämän ansiokkaan tutkimuksen johdannossa luetellaan aika tyhjentävästi ultraprosessoidun ruuan terveyshaitat kuten myös ne voimat, jotka ovat johtaneet siihen, että äärimmäisen epäterveellinen ultraprosessoitu ruoka on vallannut niin suuren roolin ruokapöydissämme (EKK= ei koske karppeja) Mutta voi kunpa tutkijat oppisivat jakamaan tekstinsä kappaleisiin, se tekisi tekstistä helpommin lähestyttävän. Tämä piitkä pötkö kannattaa kuitenkin kahlata läpi.
Lainaa:
Evidence on the mechanisms linking UPFs with adverse health outcomes is emerging 22. It includes poor nutritional profile (e.g. as vectors for added sugars, sodium and trans-fats) and displacement of unprocessed or minimally-processed foods and associated fibre and beneficial nutrients in the diet 58-61, higher glycaemic load and reduced gut-brain satiety signalling resulting from alterations in the physical properties of foods (e.g. degradation of the food matrix during processing) 62-65, contamination with carcinogens formed during high-temperature cooking (e.g. carbohydrate-rich foods with acrylamide, and meats with hetero-cyclic amines) 66, 67, links between certain industrial food additives or clusters of additives and gut microflora dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability and inflammation 68-70, and endocrine disruption from chemical plasticizers (e.g. bisphenols, phthalates) used in food packaging 71-74. Certain properties of UPFs may also promote overconsumption, including their convenience 75-77, hyper-palatability and quasi-addictiveness for susceptible individuals 78, 79, and the use of sophisticated and intensive marketing practices, often targeting children 80-82. High consumption of added sugars in early childhood is associated with inter alia increased preferences for sweet food 83, and dental caries 84. Food processing uses significant environmental resources in the form of energy, water and packaging materials, and generates much of the plastic waste stream entering marine ecosystems 85-87. Recent studies also demonstrate the links between the nutrition transition and food systems dynamics – changes in the inputs, actors and activities relating to the production, processing, distribution, preparation, consumption and disposal of food 13, 88. Nutrition transition studies show that alongside changes in factors generally associated with economic development and food systems change – including income, urbanisation, technology and labour markets – there is also a shift away from traditional diets to those higher in animal-sourced foods, vegetable oils, refined carbohydrates and caloric sweeteners 11, 89, 90. Comprehensive empirical studies also implicate increasing processed and ultra-processed food consumption as a central feature of the nutrition transition 14, 91-94. A growing number of studies further demonstrate the importance of the underlying technological and political economy drivers of food systems. These include trade and investment liberalisation, the global expansion of transnational food and beverage corporations and their market and political activities, alongside changes in food production, processing and marketing technologies, and the failure of policies and regulations designed to protect and promote healthy diets in these new contexts 90, 91, 95, 96. As markets for UPFs have stagnated in high-income countries, food and beverage corporations headquartered in the advanced capitalist economies of the United States and Europe, are vigorously pursuing new growth opportunities throughout the Global South 95-97.
Karppaajan ostoslistalta ultraprosessoidut ruuat onneksi putoavat heti kättelyssä jo sen takia, että nissä niin usein on sokeria, puhdistettua viljaa ja siemenöljyä.