Ultraprosessoidut ruuat voivat mm. vaikuttaa suoliston mikrobiomiin tavalla, josta seuraa isoja ongelmia. Tähän viittaavat havainnointitutkimukset, hiiritutkimukset ja in vitro -tutkimukset, mutta RCT -näyttöä ei toistaiseksi ole.
Tutkimus:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-00893-5Lainaa:
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings.
Key points
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are widely consumed in the food chain, and epidemiological studies indicate an increased risk of gut diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and possibly irritable bowel syndrome.
A causal role of food processing on disease risk is challenging to identify as the body of evidence, although large, is almost entirely from observational cohorts or case–control studies, many of which measured UPF exposure using dietary methodologies not validated for this purpose and few were adjusted for the known dietary risk factors for those diseases.
Food additives commonly added to UPFs, including emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles, have been shown in preclinical studies to affect the gut, including the microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation.
Although a randomized controlled trial demonstrated that consumption of UPF resulted in increased energy intake and body weight, no studies have yet investigated the effect of UPFs, or their restriction, on gut health or disease.
Few studies have investigated the effect of dietary restriction of food additives on the risk or management of gut disease, although multicomponent diets have shown some initial promise.
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