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Abstract

Background

National investigations on age-specific modifiable risk factor profiles for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality are scarce in China, the country that is experiencing a huge cardiometabolic burden exacerbated by population ageing.

Methods

This is a nationwide prospective cohort study of 193,846 adults in the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study, 2011-2016. Among 139,925 participants free from CVD at baseline, we examined hazard ratios and population-attributable risk percentages (PAR%s) for CVD and all-cause mortality attributable to 12 modifiable socioeconomic, psychosocial, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors by four age groups (40-<55 years, 55-<65 years, 65-<75 years, and ≥75 years).

Findings

Metabolic risk factors accounted for 52•4%, 47•2%, and 37•8% of the PAR% for CVD events in participants aged 40-<55 years, 55-<65 years, and 65-<75 years, respectively, with hypertension being the largest risk factor. While in participants aged ≥75 years, lifestyle risk factors contributed to 34•0% of the PAR% for CVD, with inappropriate sleep duration being the predominant risk factor. Most deaths were attributed to metabolic risk factors (PAR% 25•3%) and lifestyle risk factors (PAR% 24•6%) in participants aged 40-<55 years, with unhealthy diet and diabetes being the main risk factors. While in participants aged ≥55 years, most deaths were attributed to lifestyle risk factors (PAR% 26•6%-41•0%) and socioeconomic and psychosocial risk factors (PAR% 26•1%-27•7%). In participants aged ≥75 years, lifestyle risk factors accounted for 41•0% of the PAR% for mortality, with inappropriate sleep duration being the leading risk factor.
Interpretation

We identified age-specific modifiable risk profiles for CVD and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults, with remarkable differences between adults aged ≥75 years and their younger counterparts.